The ability to quickly configure an LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) client for accessing user and group accounts is one of the skills you are expected to have when you sit the Red Hat RHSCA exam. LDAP is a application-level protocol for accessing and maintaining distributed directory services over an IP-based network. It is specified in a series of RFCs (Request for Comments) using ASN.1. The latest LDAP specification is Version 3, published as RFC 4511. Typically, at a minimum, LDAP is used to facilitate centralized user and group account administration. Instead of storing user and group account information locally
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Bash has built-in support for extensive PS1 prompt customization using parameterless macros. As a result many people customize their shell prompts. There is no equivalent built-in support for PS1 customization in ksh93 but such support can easily be added using a discipline function. This post provides an example of such a PS1 discipline function. Add the following discipline function to your ~/.kshrc and ensure that ~/.kshrc is included in your ~/.profile shell startup script which, by the way, only gets executed at login if ksh93 is your default shell. function PS1.set { typeset prefix remaining=${.sh.value} var= n= k= set -A While it is easy to dynamically set your shell prompt and the title of your terminal window if you are using the bash shell, it is far more difficult to do so in the Korn Shell. Typically, as in Rich Lister’s How to change the title of an xterm, the offered solution is something like the following: HOST=`hostname` HOST=${HOST%%.*} PS1=’^[]0;${USER}@${HOST}: ${PWD##${HOME}/}^Gksh$ ‘ The problem with such a solution is that it sets the prompt and the xterm window title only once. If you wish to dynamically set the xterm title and the shell prompt, you must use a Korn shell Both bash and zsh shells support leading zeros in ranges: $ echo {1..10} 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ echo {01..10} 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 $ echo {001..010} 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 $ From the bash manpage section on brace expansion: Supplied integers may be prefixed with 0 to force each term to have the same width. When either x or y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where The word time is one of the bash shell reserved words. It is not a bash shell builtin. $ builtin time bash: builtin: time: not a shell builtin Bash does support the older Bourne shell keyword times as a builtin. This builtin prints out the user and system times used by the shell and its children. So where is the time reserved word used in the bash shell? It is primarily intended for printing pipeline timing statistics. From the current online bash documentation: The format for a pipeline is [time [-p]] [!] command1 [| command2 …] The output of each |
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