Musings

Oracle神谕 Database 11g Release 2 is not certified to run on数据库11g第2版上运行未认证 Fedora Fedora的 13 (Goddard) but I wanted to use it to debug a problem with a particular application which used this database. 13（戈达德），但我想用它来调试与特定的应用程序，使用这个数据库的问题。 I checked on the Internet for details about how to install this version of the Oracle database on Fedora 13 but did not come across comprehensive instructions.我检查了有关如何安装此在Fedora 13的Oracle数据库版本，但没有在互联网全面的指示来的细节。 I therefore decided to write this post as a guide for others who may also wish to install this database on Fedora 13.因此，我决定写这是为别人谁也不妨在Fedora 13安装此数据库指导一职。

First of all you need to add a number of kernel parameters to /etc/sysctl.conf if they do not already exist in this file or have values less then what is shown here.首先你需要添加一个参数，有多少的内核到/ etc / sysctl.conf中如果不存在这个文件中或在这里的少又是什么表现。 These are minimum required values by the way; they can be higher.这是最低要求值的方式，他们可以更高。

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586

Compared to相比 Sybase ASE Sybase合作 which only requires kernel.shmmax , an Oracle database requires significantly more kernel parameter tweeking.只需要kernel.shmmax，Oracle数据库需要更多的内核参数tweeking。

The current value of a kernel parameter can be displayed using the following command:一个内核参数的当前值可以显示使用以下命令：

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep

If you do not want to reboot your system, just execute the following command to update the kernel with the new parameters:如果你不想重新启动系统，只需执行以下命令来更新与新的内核参数：

# /sbin/sysctl -p

You need to install a number of software packages on your system if the packages are not already installed.你需要在系统上安装的软件包件数，如果尚未安装。 If you have installed the Development Tools package group, the majority of the necessary packages will already be installed.如果您已经安装了开发工具包组，包所需的大部分都已经安装。 Install the Development Tools package group and the following packages if not already installed:安装开发工具包组和下列包如果尚未安装：

• binutils binutils的
• libaio, libaio-devel libaio，libaio - devel的
• ksh 先令
• sysstat sysstat的
• unixODBC, unixODBC-devel 的unixodbc，的unixodbc - devel的
• compat-libstdc++-33 协调问题的libstdc + + -33

Next, you need to modify PAM (Plugable Authentication Module) to increase session limits for the oracle user which we will create later on.接下来，您需要修改聚丙烯酰胺（可插入式验证模块），以增加日后会议的oracle用户的限制，我们将创建。 Add the following line to /etc/pam.d/login if it does not already exist:添加行下面的/ etc / pam.d /目录登录，如果它尚不存在：

    session    required     pam_limits.so

and add the following lines to /etc/security/limits.conf :并添加以下行到/ etc / security / limits.conf中：

    oracle     soft    nproc   2047
    oracle     hard    nproc   16384
    oracle     soft    nofile  1024
    oracle     hard    nofile  65536

Note that this file may not currently exist on your system.请注意，此文件可能不是目前存在于您的系统。 You may have to create it.您可能必须创建它。

Now create a number of new users and groups as follows:现在创建一个新的用户和组的数量如下：

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
groupadd asmadmin

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin oracle

and set a password for the new oracle user.并设置oracle用户的密码为新的。

You must disable Secure Linux (SELINUX) while installing the database.您必须禁用安全Linux（SELinux的），而安装的数据库。 Edit /etc/selinux/config as follows:编辑/ etc / SELinux的/配置如下：

SELINUX=disabled

and execute setenforce off .并执行setenforce关闭 。

Edit the /etc/redhat-release file replacing the current release information – Fedora release 13 (Goodwin) – with the following:编辑/ etc / Redhat的发行文件替换当前版本的信息-发布的Fedora 13（古德温） -与以下内容：

redhat release 5

You must create the directories in which the Oracle database software will be installed.您必须创建在其中甲骨文数据库软件将安装目录。 In our example, the directory is /app/oracle and the SID is dbhome_1 .在我们的例子中，该目录是/程序/ Oracle和SID是dbhome_1。

mkdir -p /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /app
chmod -R 775 /app

The remaining steps require that you are logged in as oracle .其余的步骤要求您登录甲骨文作为。 As user oracle , download Oracle Database 11g R2 from作为用户 oracle，下载Oracle数据库11g R2的从 Oracle神谕 and place the two files you downloaded into the same subdirectory.和地方两个文件你下载到相同的子目录。 I placed them in ~oracle/tmp but you are free to choose any subdirectory.我把他们预言在〜/ tmp目录 ，但你可以自由选择任何子目录。 Then unzip both files.然后解压缩这两个文件。

# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
# ls -d */
database/
#

A single subdirectory called database is created.所谓单一数据库创建子目录。 This subdirectory contains the unzipped files.该子目录包含解压缩文件。

Assuming that the user oracle is using the bash shell, add the following lines to the oracle user's .bash_profile file, changing ORACLE_HOSTNAME , ORACLE_HOME , etc. as required to suit your particular requirements:假设用户 oracle使用bash shell 的 ，添加以下行到oracle用户的。bash_profile文件，更改ORACLE_HOSTNAME，的ORACLE_HOME等，根据需要，以满足您的特定要求：

# Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ultra.xfpmurphy.com; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_UNQNAME=dbhome_1; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=dbhome_1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

If you are using a different shell, you will need to set up these enviromental variables and limits using the appropriate shell syntax and shell initialization file.如果您使用的是不同的外壳，你将需要设置这些环境变量，并限制使用适当的语法和壳壳初始化文件。 You may also need to set the NLS_LANG environmental variable to match your country, language and desired character set, eg germany_germany.we8iso8859p1 .您可能还需要设置设置NLS_LANG环境变量，以配合您的国家，语言和期望的字符集，例如germany_germany.we8iso8859p1。

Oracle databases are installed using the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) which is GUI-based and uses the X Window system.安装Oracle数据库使用Oracle通用安装程序（的OUI），这是基于GUI和使用X Window系统。 There is no equivalent command line installer.没有等效的命令行安装程序。 You may need to set the your DISPLAY environmental variable and use the xhost utility to configure server access.您可能需要设置您的显示环境变量和使用xhost的实用工具来配置服务器的访问。 Start OUI by issuing the runInstaller command in the ~oracle/tmp/database directory.通过发出启动的OUI〜甲骨文runInstaller命令在/ tmp /数据库目录中。

If OUI cannot determine your IP address because it is not in /etc/hosts then you will get the following error:如果不能确定的OUI您的IP地址，因为它不是在/ etc / hosts中 ，那么你会得到以下错误：

[INS-06101] IP address of localhost could not be determined

If you see an error message similar to one of the following: “Failed to connect to server”, “Connection refused by server” or “Can't open display”, then you have a problem with X Windows, either with permissions or the DISPLAY variable.如果你看到一个错误消息类似下列之一：“无法连接到服务器”，“连接被服务器拒绝”或“无法打开显示”，那么你有一个与X Windows的问题，或者具有权限或DISPLAY变量。 I am going to assume you know how to fix such problems.我将假设你知道如何解决这些问题。

After answering a few basic questions, you should see the following Typical Install Configuration screen:之后回答几个基本问题，你应该看到以下典型安装配置屏幕：

Check the settings carefully before proceeding further.出发前仔细检查进一步的设置。

Next OUI checks that the installed software development and runtime packages are correct:下一步的OUI检查已安装的软件开发和运行时包是正确的：

Fedora 13 will fail all these checks. Fedora的13所有这些检查将失败。 Just tick the check box Ignore All on the top right hand to ignore these errors.刚剔复选框手忽略所有在右上角忽略这些错误。 So long as you have the latest version of each of these packages installed, all will be fine.只要你有这些安装的软件包每个最新版本，都将被罚款。 Note that you do not need to install pdksh (Public Domain Korn Shell) if you have ksh installed.请注意，您不需要安装pdksh这些 （公共域Korn外壳）如果您有先令安装。

During the installation, OUI will popup a dialog window advising you that an error has occurred with ins_emagent.mk .在安装过程中说不，将会弹出一个对话框窗口通知您发生了错误，ins_emagent.mk的。 See below:见下文：

This error is due to a change in the GCC linker in Fedora 13.此错误是由于在海湾合作委员会在Fedora 13连接器的变化。 The announcement is这一消息是 here这里 . 。 The fix is to edit $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk , search for the line $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) and replace the line with $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11 as shown above.解决办法是编辑在$ ORACLE_HOME / sysman / lib中/ ins_emagent.mk，线搜索$（MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL）和替换上面的行美元（MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL）刘氏lnnz11作为。

After saving the changed file, select the Retry option, and the install should successfully continue.更改后保存文件，选择重试选项，安装成功应该继续下去。 Eventually you should see the Database Configuration Assistant screen as shown below:最终，你应该看到数据库配置助手屏幕如下所示：

Do not ignore the Password Management button; press it and change the passwords for SYS and SYSTEM .不要忽视密码管理按钮，按下它，改变和 SYSTEM 为 SYS的密码。

You are now ready to do a basic smoketest of the installed database software.你现在准备做一个安装的数据库软件的基本smoketest。

$ id
uid=502(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper),504(asmadmin)
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 06-AUG-2010 20:47:56

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ultra/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ultra.xxxxxxxxxx.com)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                06-AUG-2010 20:47:58
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ultra/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ultra.xxxxxxxxxx.com)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
$

$ emctl start dbconsole
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
https://ultra.xxxxxxxxxxx.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ...... started.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ultra.xxxxxxxxxx.com_orcl/sysman/log
$

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 6 20:50:12 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size		    2217992 bytes
Variable Size		  524290040 bytes
Database Buffers	  306184192 bytes
Redo Buffers		    6590464 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
$

If you have got this far with your installation of Oracle 11g, all is well.如果你拥有这么远你的Oracle 11g的安装，一切都很好。 The core Oracle 11g database software is installed and working. Oracle 11g的核心数据库软件安装和工作。 You may have some tweaking to do for your particular requirements but that is outside the scope of this post.您可能有一些调整要为你的特殊要求，但超出了这个职位的范围。 Note the listener supports no services message; we will address this shortly.注意倾听支持任何服务消息，我们会在短期内解决这个。

First, as root , we need to fix up a couple of files.首先，作为根 ，我们需要修复了几个文件的。 Edit the /etc/oratab file setting the restart flag for each instance to Y :编辑/ etc / oratab文件设置为重新启动标志每个 Y的实例：

DB11G:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y

Edit the /etc/redhat-release file to restore the original release information:编辑/ etc / Redhat的发布文件，以恢复原来的版本信息：

Fedora release 13 (Goodwin)

At this stage you should be able to invoke the Oracle sqldeveloper GUI by invoking $ORACLE_HOMEsqldeveloper/sqldeveloper/bin/sqldeveloper .在这个阶段，你应该能够援引甲骨文sqldeveloper界面援引$ ORACLE_HOMEsqldeveloper / sqldeveloper /斌/ sqldeveloper。 Once you have configured a valid connection, you should see a screen similar to this:一旦你配置一个有效的连接，你应该看到一个类似的画面：

If you configure listener.ora you can also access the Oracle Enterprise Console via the Web as shown here:如果您配置的listener.ora您还可以通过网络访问控制台的Oracle企业如下所示：

Here is what is in my listener.ora :下面是我的listener.ora是：

$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/admin/listener.ora
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ultra.xfpmurphy.com)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
   (SID_LIST =
     (SID_DESC =
       (GLOBAL_DBNAME = DBHOME)
       (ORACLE_HOME = /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
       (SID_NAME = orcl)
     )
   )

ADR_BASE_FPM = /app/oracle
$

You will obviously have to use different values for HOST and possibly SID_NAME , ORACLE_HOME and GLOBAL_DBNAME .你会明显地使用不同的价值观，并可能为 Host SID_NAME，ORACLE_HOME和GLOBAL_DBNAME。

To automatically start and shop the Oracle database during system startup and shutdown you need to place an appropriate script in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory and symbolically link it to the appropriate rc directories.要自动启动和商店的启动和关闭Oracle数据库系统，您需要在放置在/ etc适当的脚本在/ rc.d / init.d目录，并象征性地将其链接到相应的rc目录。 Here is a script to start or stop the Oracle database using dbinit :下面是一个脚本来启动或停止Oracle数据库使用dbinit：

#!/bin/bash
#
# init file for starting and stopping Oracle 11g database using dbstart/dbstop
#
# chkconfig: 35 80 30
# description: Oracle database startup and shutdown script
#

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=dbhome_1

case "$1" in
   start)
       echo -n $"Starting Oracle DB:"
       su - oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
       echo "OK"
       ;;
   stop)
      echo -n $"Stopping Oracle DB:"
      su - oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"
      echo "OK"
      ;;
   *)
     echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
esac

and here is an alternative script to start and stop the Oracle database using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control:这里是另一种脚本来启动和停止Oracle数据库使用Oracle企业管理器数据库控制：

#!/bin/bash
#
# init file for starting and stopping Oracle 11g database using emctl
#
# chkconfig: 35 80 30
# description: Oracle database startup and shutdown script using Enterprise manager console
#

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=dbhome_1

case "$1" in
   start)
      echo -n $"Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Console:"
      su - oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
      echo "OK"
      ;;
   stop)
      echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Console:"
      su - oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
      echo "OK"
      ;;
   *)
      echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
esac

I assume that you know how to install a new init script so I am not going to describe the process here.我以为你是知道如何安装一个新的init脚本，所以我不打算在这里描述的过程。

Please let me know if I left out anything important that you feel would of been of help to you in installing Oracle 11g on Fedora 13 and I will add it to this post.请让我知道如果我离开了，你觉得什么重要的是将帮助你在Fedora 13中安装Oracle 11g的，我将它添加到这个职位。