ZFS (Zettabyte File System) is a 128-bit advanced file system and volume manager developed by Sun Microsystems (now part of Oracle) as open-source software licensed under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL). When first introduced in 2004, ZFS was an entirely new approach to managing disk storage space and protecting the integrity of data. All metadata is stored dynamically and file systems do not need to preallocate inodes or other space when created. Other advantages include scalability, provable data integrity, atomic updates to ensure data consistency, instantaneous snapshots and clones, optional data compression and block-level de-duplication.
The four major components of ZFS are the Storage Pool Allocator (SPA), the Data Management Unit (DMU), the ZFS Attribute Processor (ZAP) and the ZFS Posix Layer (ZPL). The SPA handles all block allocation and freeing and also IO. It abstracts devices into vdevs and provides virtually addressed blocks to the DMU which transforms the virtually addressed blocks into transactional object interfaces for the ZPL. The DMU is responsible for presenting a transactional object model and maintaining the data consistency using Copy on Write (COW) semantics and atomic operations. Consumers interact with the DMU via objsets, objects, and transactions. An objset is a collection of objects, where each object is an arbitrary piece of storage from the SPA. ZPL implements a POSIX compliant system on top of the DMU. ZAP also sits on top of the DMU and is used to create arbitrary (name, object) associations within an objset.
Here is a diagram shamelessly borrowed from the OpenSolaris ZFS Source Tour webpage which shows the various components of ZFS:
If you want to learn more about the internals of ZFS, two good starting points are the OpenSolaris ZFS Tour and Solaris Internals -ZFS Performance.
So why is ZFS not currently available in mainstream GNU/Linux distrubutions? The answer is that the Free Software Foundation (FSF) takes the position that CDDL is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL). This license conflict has blocked the inclusion of ZFS in the Linux kernel but not in other platforms such as FreeBSD and NetBSD. In addition, BTRFS appeared, gained significant mind share in the GNU/Linux community, and was accepted into the Linux kernel in spite of the fact that it is still under heavy development.
A port of ZFS to GNU/Linux using FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) was done as a 2006 Google Summer of Code project. Under FUSE, ZFS runs as a userspace filesystem and thus is not considered a derived work of the kernel. However ZFS-FUSE has never proven to be popular. The current version of ZFS-FUSE is functionally equivalent to the zpool v23 release in Solaris 10.
Recently a native port of ZFS to GNU/Linux was done by a small team at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to augment the Lustre networking filesystem with ZFS support. The port currently includes a fully functional and stable SPA, DMU, and ZVOL but does not have ZPL. A Pune India, company called KQ Infotech Pvt. Ltd has taken the LLNL code, added a ZPL and enhanced it so that it is functionally equivalent to the zpool v28 release in Solaris 10 9/10. This port entered a closed beta last year with GA on January 14th, 2011.
The binary packages can be downloaded from kqstor.com. A number of GNU/Linux distributions are currently supported:
Note that only 64-bit platforms are supported,
I decided to download and test their 64-bit Fedora 14 package. After filling in a detailed user registration form asking me all sorts of questions including whether I intended to use ZFS port to Linux for commercial purposes or whether I wished to become a KQ technology partner , I was granted access to the download area. Interestingly, their website uses Microsoft IIS and Active Server Pages (ASP) rather than Gnu/Linux!
Here is a list of the files that are in the zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64.tar.gz tarball that I downloaded:
./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64 ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/spl ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/spl/spl-0.5.2-2.x86_64.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/spl/spl-modules-devel-0.5.2-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/spl/spl-0.5.2-2.src.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/spl/spl-modules-0.5.2-2.src.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/spl/spl-modules-0.5.2-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/lzfs ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/lzfs/lzfs-1.0-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/lzfs/lzfs-1.0-2.src.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/zfs ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/zfs/zfs-0.5.1-2.src.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/zfs/zfs-test-0.5.1-2.x86_64.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/zfs/zfs-modules-0.5.1-2.src.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/zfs/zfs-modules-0.5.1-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/zfs/zfs-0.5.1-2.x86_64.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/zfs/zfs-devel-0.5.1-2.x86_64.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/zfs/zfs-modules-devel-0.5.1-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64.rpm ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/user-guide.pdf ./zfs-fedora-2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64.tar.gz
I will not bother showing you what is in the source or development RPMs but here is a list of the files included in the binary RPMs:
[zfs]$ rpm -qlp zfs-0.5.1-2.x86_64.rpm /etc/udev /etc/udev/rules.d /etc/udev/rules.d/60-zpool.rules /etc/zfs /etc/zfs/zdev.conf /etc/zfs/zdev.conf.dragon.example /etc/zfs/zdev.conf.supermicro.example /etc/zfs/zdev.conf.x4550.example /usr/bin/zpool_id /usr/bin/zpool_layout /usr/lib64/libavl.a /usr/lib64/libavl.la /usr/lib64/libavl.so /usr/lib64/libavl.so.0 /usr/lib64/libavl.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib64/libefi.a /usr/lib64/libefi.la /usr/lib64/libefi.so /usr/lib64/libefi.so.0 /usr/lib64/libefi.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib64/libnvpair.a /usr/lib64/libnvpair.la /usr/lib64/libnvpair.so /usr/lib64/libnvpair.so.0 /usr/lib64/libnvpair.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib64/libspl.a /usr/lib64/libspl.la /usr/lib64/libspl.so /usr/lib64/libspl.so.0 /usr/lib64/libspl.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib64/libunicode.a /usr/lib64/libunicode.la /usr/lib64/libunicode.so /usr/lib64/libunicode.so.0 /usr/lib64/libunicode.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib64/libuutil.a /usr/lib64/libuutil.la /usr/lib64/libuutil.so /usr/lib64/libuutil.so.0 /usr/lib64/libuutil.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib64/libzfs.a /usr/lib64/libzfs.la /usr/lib64/libzfs.so /usr/lib64/libzfs.so.0 /usr/lib64/libzfs.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib64/libzpool.a /usr/lib64/libzpool.la /usr/lib64/libzpool.so /usr/lib64/libzpool.so.0 /usr/lib64/libzpool.so.0.0.0 /usr/sbin/zdb /usr/sbin/zfs /usr/sbin/zinject /usr/sbin/zpios /usr/sbin/zpool /usr/sbin/ztest /usr/share/doc/zfs-0.5.1 /usr/share/doc/zfs-0.5.1/AUTHORS /usr/share/doc/zfs-0.5.1/COPYING /usr/share/doc/zfs-0.5.1/COPYRIGHT /usr/share/doc/zfs-0.5.1/ChangeLog /usr/share/doc/zfs-0.5.1/DISCLAIMER /usr/share/doc/zfs-0.5.1/META /usr/share/doc/zfs-0.5.1/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE /usr/share/doc/zfs-0.5.1/README.markdown /usr/share/doc/zfs-0.5.1/ZFS.RELEASE /usr/share/man/man8/zdb.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/zfs.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/zpool.8.gz [zfs]$ rpm -qlp zfs-modules-0.5.1-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64.rpm /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64 /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/avl /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/avl/zavl.ko /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/nvpair /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/nvpair/znvpair.ko /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/unicode /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/unicode/zunicode.ko /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/zcommon /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/zcommon/zcommon.ko /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/zfs /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/zfs/zfs.ko /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/zpios /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/zfs/zpios/zpios.ko [lzfs]$ rpm -qlp lzfs-1.0-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64.rpm /etc/init.d/zfsload /etc/zfs/zfs_config /etc/zfs/zfs_serial /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64 /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/lzfs /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/lzfs/lzfs.ko /usr/sbin/SystemReport.sh /usr/sbin/zfs_manage.py /usr/share/doc/lzfs-1.0 /usr/share/doc/lzfs-1.0/COPYING /usr/share/doc/lzfs-1.0/ChangeLog /usr/share/doc/lzfs-1.0/META /usr/src/lzfs-1.0 /usr/src/lzfs-1.0/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64 /usr/src/lzfs-1.0/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/lzfs_config.h /usr/src/lzfs-1.0/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/module /usr/src/lzfs-1.0/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/module/Module.symvers [spl]$ rpm -qlp spl-0.5.2-2.x86_64.rpm /usr/sbin/spl /usr/sbin/splat /usr/share/doc/spl-0.5.2 /usr/share/doc/spl-0.5.2/AUTHORS /usr/share/doc/spl-0.5.2/COPYING /usr/share/doc/spl-0.5.2/ChangeLog /usr/share/doc/spl-0.5.2/DISCLAIMER /usr/share/doc/spl-0.5.2/INSTALL /usr/share/doc/spl-0.5.2/META [spl]$ rpm -qlp spl-modules-0.5.2-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64.rpm /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64 /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/spl /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/spl/spl /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/spl/spl/spl.ko /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/spl/splat /lib/modules/2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64/addon/spl/splat/splat.ko [spl]$
The source code is available at https://github.com/zfs-linux/zfs. The majority of the source code appears to come from OpenSolaris. This includes the core ZFS code, libavl, libnvpair, libefi, libunicode, and libutil.
A minor problem that I encountered is that /usr/lib64/libefi.a conflicts with the /usr/lib/libefi.a in the existing gnu-efi-3.0e-11.fc14.x86_64.rpm (Development Libraries and Headers for EFI) package. However, unless you are doing Extensive Firmware Interface (EFI) development work, you should not encounter this problem. This issue just needs to be mentioned in the Installation Guide or Release Notes.
Another disconcerting fact is that the ZFS-related shared libraries are missing actual version numbers.
# cd /usr/lib64 [lib64]# ls -al libuutil.so* libunicode.so* libuutil.so* libspl.so* libnvpair.so* libefi.so* libavl.so* libzfs.so* libzpool.so* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jan 23 00:45 libavl.so -> libavl.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jan 23 00:45 libavl.so.0 -> libavl.so.0.0.0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 28437 Jan 21 07:27 libavl.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jan 23 00:45 libefi.so -> libefi.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jan 23 00:45 libefi.so.0 -> libefi.so.0.0.0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48667 Jan 21 07:27 libefi.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Jan 23 00:45 libnvpair.so -> libnvpair.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Jan 23 00:45 libnvpair.so.0 -> libnvpair.so.0.0.0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 196101 Jan 21 07:27 libnvpair.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jan 23 00:45 libspl.so -> libspl.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jan 23 00:45 libspl.so.0 -> libspl.so.0.0.0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 73002 Jan 21 07:27 libspl.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Jan 23 00:45 libunicode.so -> libunicode.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Jan 23 00:45 libunicode.so.0 -> libunicode.so.0.0.0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 376856 Jan 21 07:27 libunicode.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jan 23 00:45 libuutil.so -> libuutil.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jan 23 00:45 libuutil.so -> libuutil.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jan 23 00:45 libuutil.so.0 -> libuutil.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jan 23 00:45 libuutil.so.0 -> libuutil.so.0.0.0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 111416 Jan 21 07:27 libuutil.so.0.0.0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 111416 Jan 21 07:27 libuutil.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jan 23 00:45 libzfs.so -> libzfs.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jan 23 00:45 libzfs.so.0 -> libzfs.so.0.0.0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 689431 Jan 21 07:27 libzfs.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jan 23 00:45 libzpool.so -> libzpool.so.0.0.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jan 23 00:45 libzpool.so.0 -> libzpool.so.0.0.0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3061347 Jan 21 07:27 libzpool.so.0.0.0
This should be corrected in a future release.
A user guide is included but it is cryptic to the point of being useless as far as installation by an inexperienced user is concerned.
I found it best to just select the RPMs that I wanted and install them individually, resolving missing dependencies along the way. For me, the lzfs package was the only package that had missing dependencies.
[lzfs]# rpm -Uvh lzfs-1.0-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:
SOAPpy is needed by lzfs-1.0-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64
python-dmidecode is needed by lzfs-1.0-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64
As the system that I am testing ZFS on is a fully loaded development system, I suspect the regular user will encounter more unresolved dependencies than this.
The lzfs package should be the last to be installed and when successfully installed the ZFS modules are loaded into the kernel.
[lzfs]# rpm -Uvh lzfs-1.0-2_2.6.35.10_74.fc14.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:lzfs ########################################### [100%] loading zfs modules [ OK ] [lzfs]# lsmod | grep zfs lzfs 32790 0 zfs 821704 1 lzfs zcommon 35628 1 zfs znvpair 38001 2 zfs,zcommon zavl 5688 1 zfs zlib_deflate 18639 1 zfs zunicode 319101 1 zfs spl 105294 6 lzfs,zfs,zcommon,znvpair,zavl,zunicode
Interestingly, the three ZFS man pages included are straight from Solaris 11. For example here is the bottom of the zpool man page.
It is a bit strange to see Solaris man pages on a GNU/Linux system. However, it turns out that these man pages also have a CDDL license.
Turning now to creating a ZFS storage pool. Similar to Logical Volume Manager (LVM), disk space is not allocated to a specific filesystem; instead it is allocated to a storage pool. Here is where I immediately ran into a problem as my disks use GPT instead of MBR.
# gdisk -p /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.6.13
Usage: gdisk [-l] device_file
[root@ultra fpm]# gdisk -l /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.6.13
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sdb: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 81256E88-5710-42AC-94DE-0E87E38355A4
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 976773134 465.8 GiB EF00 EFI System
# zpool create pool1 /dev/sdb
# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_ultra-lv_root
51606140 18493680 30491020 38% /
tmpfs 1027392 124 1027268 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda2 495844 81949 388295 18% /boot
/dev/sda1 204580 9328 195252 5% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/vg_ultra-lv_home
424395160 10508168 392328928 3% /home
pool1 478937042 21 478937021 1% /pool1
# gdisk -l /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.6.13
Warning! One or more CRCs don't match. You should repair the disk!
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: damaged
****************************************************************************
Caution: Found protective or hybrid MBR and corrupt GPT. Using GPT, but disk
verification and recovery are STRONGLY recommended.
****************************************************************************
Disk /dev/sdb: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 05C8E1A6-3D86-F04E-A54E-D2B6B6E12914
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
Partitions will be aligned on 1-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 976756750 465.8 GiB BF01 zfs
9 976756751 976773134 8.0 MiB BF07
#
As you can see zpool changed the size of the partition and corrupted the GPT. However it is still usable so the corruption is minor. I also noticed that zpool did not warn me if I was going to overwrite an existing file system.
Next I created a mirrored 100 Gb zpool, created a ZFS file system called test and set a 5Gb quota on it.
# gdisk /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.6.13
...
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Command (? for help): p
...
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 209717247 100.0 GiB 0700 Linux/Windows data
2 209717248 419432447 100.0 GiB 0700 Linux/Windows data
Command (? for help): q
# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_ultra-lv_root
51606140 18493680 30491020 38% /
tmpfs 1027392 272 1027120 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda2 495844 81949 388295 18% /boot
/dev/sda1 204580 9328 195252 5% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/vg_ultra-lv_home
424395160 10509340 392327756 3% /home
# zpool create pool mirror /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
# zfs create pool/test
# zfs list
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
pool 130K 97.9G 29K /pool
pool/test 21K 97.9G 21K /test
# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_ultra-lv_root
51606140 18492792 30491908 38% /
tmpfs 1027392 124 1027268 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda2 495844 81949 388295 18% /boot
/dev/sda1 204580 9328 195252 5% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/vg_ultra-lv_home
424395160 10507916 392329180 3% /home
pool 102703004 29 102702975 1% /pool
pool/test 102702996 21 102702975 1% /test
# zfs set quota=5g pool/test
# zfs list
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
pool 131K 97.9G 29K /pool
pool/test 21K 5.00G 21K /test
# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_ultra-lv_root
51606140 18492800 30491900 38% /
tmpfs 1027392 284 1027108 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda2 495844 81949 388295 18% /boot
/dev/sda1 204580 9328 195252 5% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/vg_ultra-lv_home
424395160 10508820 392328276 3% /home
pool 102703002 29 102702973 1% /pool
pool/test 5242880 21 5242859 1% /test
# zpool iostat
capacity operations bandwidth
pool alloc free read write read write
---------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
pool 131K 99.5G 0 0 98 230
# zpool history pool
History for 'pool':
2011-01-24.00:14:22 zpool create pool mirror /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
2011-01-24.00:14:53 zfs create pool/test
2011-01-24.00:16:26 zfs set mountpoint=/test pool/test
2011-01-24.00:34:24 zfs set quota=5g pool/test
# zfs get all pool
NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE
pool type filesystem -
pool creation Mon Jan 24 0:14 2011 -
pool used 131K -
pool available 97.9G -
pool referenced 29K -
pool compressratio 1.00x -
pool mounted yes -
pool quota none default
pool reservation none default
pool recordsize 128K default
pool mountpoint /pool default
pool sharenfs off default
pool checksum on default
pool compression off default
pool atime on default
pool devices on default
pool exec on default
pool setuid on default
pool readonly off default
pool zoned off default
pool snapdir hidden default
pool aclinherit restricted default
pool canmount on default
pool xattr on default
pool copies 1 default
pool version 5 -
pool utf8only off -
pool normalization none -
pool casesensitivity Not Supported -
pool vscan off default
pool nbmand off default
pool sharesmb off default
pool refquota none default
pool refreservation none default
pool primarycache all default
pool secondarycache all default
pool usedbysnapshots 0 -
pool usedbydataset 29K -
pool usedbychildren 102K -
pool usedbyrefreservation 0 -
pool logbias latency default
pool dedup off default
pool mlslabel none default
pool sync standard default
All worked as expected.
I have not yet fully tested ZFS on GNU/Linux but so far I am more than happy with it. Some minor glitches and gotchas but such things are to be expected. I am delighted that native ZFS on GNU/Linux is now available and will switch to using it more and more as I gain confidence in it.
Well done, KQ Infotech!
I like this information and it has provided me some inspiration to have good results, so thanks.
You have mentioned very interesting details ! ps decent web site .